Pharmaceuticals constitute many pollutants that are either directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies making water unfit for human use. Diclofenac (DCF), a highly toxic anti-inflammatory and commonly detected in effluents and wastewater treatment plants has negative impact on aquatic life. Estrogenic effects in fish and diclofenac toxicity to vultures have been reported as some of the adverse effects of pharmaceuticals in real aquatic and terrestrial environments, respectively. Adsorption is one of the most widely applied technologies to remove micropollutants using activated carbon, but it's costly and inefficient at separation stage, compromising adsorption.
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