The Kuywa River watershed has undergone riparian vegetation planting since 2006 in order to improve the river health. The planted riparian buffer zone vegetation was to improve channel stability, promote biodiversity, and improve water quality. Studies undertaken elsewhere have investigated how environmental factors affect ecosystem processes and functionalities but fail to show how water quality indicators influence the structure of the benthic macroinvertebrates. However, this study investigated the relationship between water quality indicators and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Kuywa River. Nine sites were assessed of different riparian vegetation zone conditions, consisting
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